The difference between ultrasonic and microwave and its application range

Ultrasonic wave is a kind of sound wave with a frequency higher than 20,000 Hz. It has good directionality, strong penetrating ability, easy to obtain concentrated sound energy, and has a long distance in water. It can be used for distance measurement, speed measurement, cleaning, welding, crushing stone. , sterilization and disinfection. There are many applications in medicine, military, industry, and agriculture. Ultrasound is named for its lower frequency limit than the upper limit of human hearing.

Scientists refer to the number of vibrations per second as the frequency of the sound, and its unit is Hertz (Hz). The frequency of sound waves that we can hear in human ears is 20Hz-20000Hz. Therefore, we call sound waves with frequencies above 20,000 Hz "ultrasonics". The ultrasonic frequency commonly used for medical diagnosis is 1 megahertz to 30 megahertz.

Theoretical studies have shown that under the same amplitude, the energy of an object is proportional to the vibration frequency. When the ultrasonic wave propagates in the medium, the frequency of the medium particle vibration is very high, so the energy is very large. In the dry winter in northern China, if The ultrasonic wave is introduced into the water tank. The violent vibration will break the water in the tank into many small mist droplets, and then use a small fan to blow the mist into the room, which can increase the indoor air humidity. This is the principle of the ultrasonic humidifier. Such as pharyngitis, bronchitis and other diseases, it is difficult to use blood flow to get the drug to the diseased part, using the principle of the humidifier, atomizing the drug solution, allowing the patient to inhale, can improve the efficacy. The use of the enormous energy of the ultrasonic wave can also cause the stone in the human body to be broken and violently vibrated, thereby slowing down the pain and achieving the purpose of healing. Ultrasound is widely used in medicine and can sterilize items.

Microwave refers to an electromagnetic wave with a frequency of 300MHz~300GHz. It is an abbreviation of a limited frequency band in radio waves, that is, an electromagnetic wave with a wavelength between 1mm and 1m. It is a general term for decimeter wave, centimeter wave and millimeter wave. The microwave frequency is higher than the general radio wave frequency and is also commonly referred to as "ultra-high frequency electromagnetic wave". Microwave as an electromagnetic wave also has wave-particle duality. The basic properties of microwaves usually appear as three characteristics of penetration, reflection and absorption. For glass, plastic and porcelain, the microwave is almost traversed without being absorbed. For water and food, it absorbs microwaves and heats itself. For metal things, microwaves are reflected.

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